BASIC KNOWLEDGE FOR CIVIL ENGINEER STUDENT OR FRESH CIVIL ENGINEER OR SUPERVISOR

BASIC KNOWLEDGE FOR CIVIL ENGINEER STUDENT OR FRESH CIVIL ENGINEER OR SUPERVISOR 

Q 1 , What the step involved in Building Construction ?
Ans , there are different steps are involved in Building Construction like,

• Concreting
• Masonry work
• Plastering work
• Flooring work 
• Form work
• Steel cutting and bending 

Q 2 ,   How to check level on construction site ?
Ans  , I will check level on construction site by Leveling pipe,Dumpy level,Spirit level

Q3 ,   which is the equation used for calculating unit weight of steel bar ?
Ans ,

•   In meter (D2/162)
•   in feet (D2/533)

Q4 ,What is the size of concrete cube ?
Ans , 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm

Q5 , What is Unit weight of RCC?
Ans , 2500 kg/M3

Q6 , ONE square meter ----sq.ft ?
Ans 10.76 sa.ft

Q7, Which Test is conducted to determine the bearing capacity of Soil ?
Ans , Plate Load Test .

q8 , What does 33,43 and 53-grades of cement mean ?
Ans . 33,43,53 are characteristic compressive strength  of Cement in N/mm2

Q9, Types of Load on structure ?
Ans , There are different type of load on structure

•  Dead Load 
• Live Load 
• Wind Load 
• Snow Load 
• Seismic Load 

Q10 , What is DPC full form ?
 Ans , Damp Proof Course

unit conversion

             
                                             Unit Conversion 

LINEAR MEASURE
12 inch                               1 foot                             
3 feet                                  1 yard
10 mm                                1 centimeter
10 centimeters               1 decimeter
10 decimeter                   1 meter
10 meter                          1 decameter
10 decameter                 1 hectometer
10 hectometer              1 kilometer
100 cm                               1 m
1 inch                                 8 soot
1 inch                                 25.4 mm

SQUARE MEASURE

144 square inches          1 square feet
9 square feet                   1 square yard
100 sq.millimeter          1 sq.centimeter
100 sq.centimeter         1 sq.decimeter
100 sq.decimeter           1 sq.meter
100 sq.meter                    1 sq.decameter
100 sq .decameter          1 sq.hectometer
100 sq.hectometer        1 sq.kilometer

CUBIC MEASURE

1 cubic meter                35.314
27 cubic feet                 1 cubic yard
1728 cubic inch            1 cubic foot
1000 cu.millimeter     1 cu centimeter
1000 cu.centimeter     1 cu decimeter
1000 cu.decimeter      1 cu.meter

 WEIGHTS

10 milligrams               1 centigram
10 centigrams                1 decigram
10 decigrams                   1 gram
10  grams                          1 decagram
10 decagrams                1 hectogram
10 hectogrames            1 kilogram
100 killogrames           1 quintal
10 quaintals                   1 ton



liner measurement 
1 kilometer       1000 meter
1 kilometer        0.62 mile
1 meter              100 centimeter
1 meter              3.28 feet
1 meter              1.093 yard
1 centimeter      10 milimeter
1 centimeter       0.393 inch
1 yard                 3 feet
1 mile                  5280 feet
1 meter              0.001 kilometer
1 centimeter       0.01 meter
1 foot                 0.305 meter
1 yard                 0.914 meter
1 millimeter        0.10 centimeter
1 inch                  2.54 centimeter
1 feet                   0.333 yard
1 foot                   0.00019 mile

convert killometer to feet or m2 to ft2

                                                          CONVERSION

                                                 Killometer          TO         FEET


Example ;-
                                 convert 40 into feet ?
    Sol;-
                                remember 1 km =3.281
                              and 1 km         =  1000 meter
                    S0 1 km = 3.281 x 1000 =3281 feet
                     or 1 km= 3281feet

   Now we know
                                        40 KM = 40 x 3281 = 131240 feet
                                         so      40 km = 131240 feet

                                                       Convert

                                          m2 to ft2 (meter squre to squre feet)

   Example;-
                                      Lets convert 200 m2 into ft2
Sol;- 
                                       Remember 1 meter = 3.281 feet
                                 so if we take square then 1 m2  =3.281ft2
   finally
                               200 x 3.2812 = 2152.9922 ft2
                                                         200 m2 = 2152.9922 ft2
                                         
                          for vedio click here   https://youtu.be/nineIqthrhM

                                      

15 very important interview question answer

                INTERVIEW 15 IMPORTANT QUESTION ANSWER

Q1 ;- what is weight of first class brick ?
Ans;- 3.500kg

Q2;-How many days we can use cement from the production date ?
Ans ;- 3 months from production date

Q3;-What is least cover provide for different RCC member ?
Ans ;-
Footing                         50mm
Raft foundation            50/70mm
beam strips                   50 mm
Grade slab                    20mm
Column                          40mm
Shear wall                      25mm
Slab                                15mm
beam                              25mm

Q4;-what is the difference betwwen one way slab or two way slab ?
Ans One Way Slab ;-       
                       ratio of longer span /shorter span .>.2
      Two Way Slab;-
                       ratio of longer span/shorter span <.2

Q5;-What are the type of foundation used in construction
Ans;-
Deep Foundation
Shallow  Foundation

Q6;-What are the common methed of curing ?
Ans;-
Spraying
Wet covering of surface
Application of curing chemical
Steam curing

Q7;-Types of footing used in building construction ?
Ans;-
wall footing '
simple spread footing
stepped or pedestal footing
 sloped footing
combined footing
strap footing
mat or raft foundation
pile foundation
drilled pier

Q8;-How to calculate steel weight ?
Ans ;-
in meter Dia x Dia / 162
in feet Dia x Dia / 533

Q9;-How many bricks are required in 1 meter cube ?
Ans;- 500 bricks are required in one meter cube

Q10;- What is DPC
Ans;- DPC is Damp Proof Course

Q11;-What do you under stand by m25 concrete
Ans ;-M  stands for mix
     and 25 is compressive strength N/MM2
     ratio is  1 CEMENT, 1 SAND , 2 AGGRIGATE

Q12;- What is density of 1 cum cement ?
 Ans ;-1440 kg /m3

Q13;- What are the weight of 8 mm,16 mm,12 mm,20 mm,25 mm dia of steel bar ?
Ans ;-
 size in mm                        weight in kg per feet                           weight in kg per meter
6                                               0.067                                                     0.220
8                                                0.120                                                     0.395
10                                              0.188                                                     0.617
12                                               0.270                                                    0.885
16                                               0.480                                                    1.578
20                                             0.751                                                      2.466
25                                             1.174                                                      3.852
32                                             1.925                                                      6.313

Q14;- what is a bearing capacity of soil ?
Ans;- Bearing capacity is the capacity of soil to support the loads applied to the ground .the bearing capacity of soil is the maximum average contact pressure between the foundation and the soil which should not produce shear failure in the soil.

Q15;-What is the maximum curing time period
Ans;- The minimum period for curing concrete to attain maximum strength is 28 days .it is clear that concrete attains 50% of its design strength when it cured for 3-7 days .


 

click here for vedio more interview quation answers   https://youtu.be/hYporDueja0 

cement and there types

                     CEMENT

           A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens an adhers to other material to bind them together.
   Types of cement 
1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
2. Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)
3.  Quick Setting Cement 
4. Rapid Hardening Cement
5. White Cement
6. Sulphate Resisting Cement
7. Low Heat Cement 
8. High Alumina Cement
9. Coloured Cement 
10. Hydrophobic Cement
11. Air Entraining Cement 

Brif description of these cement types with their uses is given below
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)                                                                                   
           in civil construction work ,ordniary portland cement( OPC)is wdely used                                 
   Use it isused in genral constraction purposes .(brickwork ,plastring )
Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)
 In construction filed the portland pozzolana cement (pcc) arethe natural synthetic material ,pozzolana cement (fly ash volcanic ,ash,clay or silica fumes )
          Use it is used in pr-steressed and post-tensioned concrete member and as it gives a better surface finish .
Quick Setting Cement 
     Quick setting cement is the cement which set are very shot time .initial setting time 5 minutes and final setting time is 30 minuts .
              Use it is used in higher temprature where water evaportes easily .and the quick setting . cement are used in under water construction .
Rapid Hardning cement 
rapid hardning cement are mostly used where rapid  construction is needed like the construction of pavement .
white cement 
white cement is quite similar to ordinary portland cement  except for color amount of iron oxide and manganese oxide are low in white  cement
use
white cement allow a wide range of decoarative options for production structural and architectural concrete, as well as mesonary and cement  building products.
Sulphate resisting cement 
  Ordinary portland cement is sulphate to the attack of sulphate ,inparticular to the action of magnesium sulphate . in solution permeate into hardened concrete and and attack calcium hydroxiod ,hydrated calcium aluminate and even hydrated silicates.
  use
  sulphate resisting cement concrete to be used in marine condition.concrete to be used in the construction of sewage treatment works.
Low Heat Cement  
 it is well known that hyedration of cement is anexothermic action which produces large quantity of heat during hyedration .
  use
   low heat cement is used in the construction of gravity dams,retainig walls ,thick concrete section.
 High Alumina Cement 
   sometime it is known as calcium aluminate cement is composed of calcium aluminates  is manufactured from limestone or chalk and bauxite.one of the most advatages of high alumina cement concrete s the very high rate of strength development .
  use
  high alumina cement are used in refactory concretes where it requires more strength at very high temperature.
Coloured Cement
for manufacturing varius coloured cement either white cement or gray portland cement used as base .the use of cement as base is costly .with the use of grey cement only red or brown can be used
   use
   the coloured cement are widely used for finishing of floors,artificial marble.
 Hydrophobic cement 
  hydrophobic cement is is obtained by grinding ordinary portland cement clinker with water replant film forming substance such as as oleic acid.
  use
Hydraulic cement is a product used to stop water and leaks in concrete and masonary structures  it type of cement similar to mortar,that sets extremely fast and hardness after it has been mixed with water.
Air Entraining Cement
  Air entraining cement isto increase the durability of hardened concrete especially in climates subject to the freeze and second purpose is to increase workability of the concrete.
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how to calculate brick in wall

        How to calculate Bricks in wall
                        ..            Area of wall 
                                                                hight 12'
                                                                width 4.5'' (in feet 0.375')
                                                                length 12'
                                         Total volume 12 x 0.375 x 12
                                                             =   54 cubic feet
                         ..             we know
                       one brick size is  
                                                                hight  3''
                                                                length 9''
                                                                width 4.5''
                  we know that all brick volume is in inches so we convert in feet 
                                  we know in 1 feet =12 inch 
                                            
                                                          so volume is 
                              IN FEET
                                                                Hight  =3/12  =0.25
                                                                length=9/12=0,75
                                                                width = 4.5/12 =0.375
                        so ,
                                 volume foremula is 
                                                                length x  width x hight
                                                                 = 0.75 x 0.375 x 0.25
                                                                 =   0.070
                             we have find volume of one brick =0.070
                                             so total bricks is = 54/0.070
                                                                          = 771 bricks
                          but , this bricks are only for without mortar 
                           with mortar  = 771 -10%
                                                =694.2 means 695 bricks are required for wall